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Cryptid

The Almas (Mongolian Wildman)

In the mountains of Central Asia, nomads tell of wild people—human-like but covered in hair, living apart from civilization. Soviet scientists took the reports seriously.

Ancient - Present
Mongolia and Central Asia
300+ witnesses

The Almas (meaning “wild man” in Mongolian) is a cryptid reported throughout Central Asia—in Mongolia, Kazakhstan, and the Caucasus region. Unlike the large, ape-like Bigfoot, Almas are described as more human in appearance, leading some to speculate they represent a surviving population of archaic humans.

Description

According to documented accounts, Almas are typically described as:

  • Human-sized (5-6.5 feet tall)
  • Covered in reddish-brown hair
  • Walking upright like humans
  • Having a more human-like face than apes
  • Lacking language but making sounds
  • Shy and avoiding human contact
  • Living in remote mountain regions

Historical Accounts

Reports span centuries:

15th Century: Bavarian soldier Hans Schiltberger recorded accounts of wild people in the Tien Shan mountains during his captivity.

19th Century: Russian explorers collected numerous reports from local peoples.

Soviet Era: Significant scientific interest led to expeditions and systematic documentation.

Soviet Investigation

The Soviet Union took Almas reports seriously:

Professor Boris Porshnev: Collected hundreds of eyewitness accounts and proposed Almas were surviving Neanderthals.

The Koffman Expeditions: French-Russian researcher Marie-Jeanne Koffman conducted extensive field research in the Caucasus.

Military Encounters: Soviet soldiers reported sightings in remote mountain regions.

The Zana Case

The most famous Almas account involves Zana, allegedly a captured female:

  • Captured in the 19th century in the Caucasus
  • Kept by a village nobleman
  • Described as covered in dark hair
  • Had superhuman strength
  • Gave birth to several children (fathered by local men)
  • Her descendants (some still living) show unusual physical traits

DNA tests on alleged descendants have been inconclusive, with some showing unusual genetic markers.

Possible Explanations

Surviving Neanderthals: The most intriguing theory—that Neanderthals persisted in Central Asia.

Unknown Hominid: A different archaic human species.

Feral Humans: Humans living wild might develop unusual characteristics.

Cultural Phenomenon: Legends that became believed as literal truth.

Evidence

Evidence for Almas includes:

  • Centuries of consistent reports
  • Multiple cultures with similar traditions
  • The Zana account and alleged descendants
  • Soviet scientific documentation
  • Footprint casts and hair samples (disputed)

Neanderthal Connection

What makes the Almas unique among cryptids:

  • Descriptions match Neanderthal characteristics
  • Central Asia was Neanderthal territory
  • The region is remote enough to hide a small population
  • Interbreeding (Zana case) mirrors known Neanderthal-human hybridization

Modern humans carry Neanderthal DNA—we know interbreeding occurred. Could some Neanderthals have survived?

Modern Status

Interest continues:

  • Expeditions still search remote regions
  • DNA technology offers new investigation possibilities
  • The fall of the Soviet Union opened archives
  • Local reports continue from Mongolia and Kazakhstan

The Almas remains one of cryptozoology’s most intriguing possibilities—not a monster, but perhaps a relative we thought was long extinct.

Sources